The course addresses the emergence and evolution of science that has changed and continues to radically change the world. It focuses on the major developments in the field of scientific thought, from the revolutionary ideas of the 17th and 18th centuries - Scientific Revolution and Revolution in Chemistry, to the issues raised today by evolutionary theory, genetics, nuclear physics and modern cosmology. At the same time, a wide range of scientific fields and contemporary themes, such as the relation of science and technology, the popularization of science, the impact of war on science, and the position of women in the history of science, are examined.